Bornean Elephant

Endangered

Estimated remaining: ~1,500

Habitat

Forests and river valleys of northeastern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia and Kalimantan, Indonesia), particularly in lowland dipterocarp forests and floodplain areas.

Threats

• Habitat conversion to palm oil plantations
• Forest fragmentation from logging
• Human-elephant conflict in agricultural areas
• Genetic isolation of small populations
• Limited protected habitat

Conservation efforts

Sabah's Elephant Conservation Action Plan focuses on habitat protection and connectivity. Establishment of wildlife corridors between forest fragments. Satellite tracking to monitor movements and conflict hotspots. Community-based conflict mitigation programs.